New Mexico State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 7

NM.I. History: Students are able to identify important people and events in order to analyze significant patterns, relationships, themes, ideas, beliefs, and turning points in New Mexico, United States, and world history in order to understand the complexity of the human experience.

I-A. New Mexico: Explore and explain how people and events have influenced the development of New Mexico up to the present day.

I-A.1a. Compare and contrast the contributions of the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere (e.g., Aztecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Mound Builders) with the early civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (e.g., Sumerians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Egyptians) and their impact upon societies, to include effect on world economies and trade. 22
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.1a.

I-A.1b. Compare and contrast the contributions of the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere (e.g., Aztecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Mound Builders) with the early civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (e.g., Sumerians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Egyptians) and their impact upon societies, to include roles of people, class structures, language. 26
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.1b.

I-A.1c. Compare and contrast the contributions of the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere (e.g., Aztecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Mound Builders) with the early civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (e.g., Sumerians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Egyptians) and their impact upon societies, to include religious traditions and forms of government. 28
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.1c.

I-A.1d. Compare and contrast the contributions of the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere (e.g., Aztecs, Mayas, Toltecs, Mound Builders) with the early civilizations of the Eastern Hemisphere (e.g., Sumerians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Egyptians) and their impact upon societies, to include cultural and scientific contributions (e.g., advances in astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, architecture, artistic and oral traditions, development of writing systems and calendars). 27
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.1d.

I-A.2a. Describe the characteristics of other indigenous peoples that had an affect upon New Mexico's development (e.g., pueblo farmers, great plains horse culture, nomadic bands, noting their development of tools, trading routes, adaptation to environments, social structure, domestication of plants, and animals). 21
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.2a.

I-A.3a. Explain the significance of trails and trade routes within the region (e.g., Spanish Trail, Camino Real, Santa Fe Trail). 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.3a.

I-A.4a. Describe how important individuals, groups, and events impacted the development of New Mexico from 16th century to the present (e.g., Don Juan de Onate, Don Diego deVargas, Pueblo Revolt, Pope, 1837 Revolt, 1848 Rebellion, Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago, William Becknell and the Santa Fe Trail, Buffalo Soldiers, Lincoln County War, Navajo Long Walk, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders, Robert Goddard, J. Robert Oppenhiemer, Smokey Bear, Dennis Chavez, Manuel Lujan, Manhattan Project, Harrison Schmitt, Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta). 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.4a.

I-A.5a. Explain how New Mexicans have adapted to their physical environments to meet their needs over time (e.g., living in the desert, control over water resources, pueblo structure, highway system, use of natural resources) 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.5a.

I-A.6a. Explain the impact of New Mexico on the development of the American West up to the present, to include availability of land (e.g., individuals, governments, railroads, tribal). 12
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.6a.

I-A.6b. Explain the impact of New Mexico on the development of the American West up to the present, to include government land grants/treaties; transportation (e.g., wagons, railroads, automobile). 17
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.6b.

I-A.6c. Explain the impact of New Mexico on the development of the American West up to the present, to include identification and use of natural and human resources. 88
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.6c.

I-A.6d. Explain the impact of New Mexico on the development of the American West up to the present, to include population growth and economic patterns cultural interactions among indigenous and arriving populations and the resulting changes. 88
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.6d.

I-B. United States: Analyze and interpret major eras, events, and individuals from the periods of exploration and colonization through the Civil War and Reconstruction in United States history.

I-B.1a. Analyze United States political policies on expansion of the United States into the Southwest (e.g., Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase, broken treaties, Long Walk of the Navajos). 12
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-B.1a.

I-C. World: Compare and contrast major historical eras, events, and figures from ancient civilizations to the Age of Exploration.

I-C.1a. Compare and contrast the influence of Spain on the Western Hemisphere from colonization to the present. 22
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1a.

I-D. Skills: Research historical events and people from a variety of perspectives.

I-D.1a. Analyze and evaluate information by developing and applying criteria for selecting appropriate information and use it to answer critical questions. 71
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.1a.

I-D.2a. Demonstrate the ability to examine history from the perspectives of the participants. 55
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.2a.

I-D.3a. Use the problem-solving process to identify a problem; gather information, list and consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution using technology to present findings. 19
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.3a.

NM.II. Geography: Students understand how physical, natural, and cultural processes influence where people live, the ways in which people live, and how societies interact with one another and their environments.

II-A. Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills and perspectives and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues.

II-A.1a. Describe ways that mental maps reflect attitudes about places. 2
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-A.1a.

II-A.2a. Describe factors affecting location of human activities, including land use patterns in urban, suburban, and rural areas. 2
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-A.2a.

II-B. Explain the physical and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and their patterns of change.

II-B.1a. Select and explore a region by its distinguishing characteristics. 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.1a.

II-B.2a. Describe the role of technology in shaping the characteristics of places. 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.2a.

II-B.3a. Explain how and why regions change using global examples. 18
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.3a.

II-B.4a. Describe geographically based pathways of inter-regional interaction (e.g., Camino Real's role in establishing a major trade and communication route in the New World, the significance of waterways). 2
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.4a.

II-C. Understand how human behavior impacts man-made and natural environments, recognizes past and present results, and predicts potential changes.

II-C.1a. Explain how differing perceptions of places, people, and resources have affected events and conditions in the past. 15
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-C.1a.

II-C.2a. Interpret and analyze geographic information obtained from a variety of sources (e.g., maps, directly witnessed and surveillanced photographic and digital data, symbolic representations (e.g., graphs, charts, diagrams, tables), personal documents, and interviews). 37
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-C.2a.

II-C.3a. Recognize geographic questions and understand how to plan and execute an inquiry to answer them. 26
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-C.3a.

II-C.4a. Explain a contemporary issue using geographic knowledge, tools, and perspectives. 28
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-C.4a.

II-D. Explain how physical processes shape the Earth's surface patterns and biosystems.

II-D.1a. Explain how physical processes influence the formation and location of resources. 16
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-D.1a.

II-D.2a. Use data to interpret changing patterns of air, land, water, plants, and animals. 39
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-D.2a.

II-D.3a. Explain how ecosystems influence settlements and societies. 11
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-D.3a.

II-E. Understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict.

II-E.1a. Analyze New Mexico settlement patterns and their impact on current issues.

II-E.2a. Describe and analyze how the study of geography is used to improve our quality of life, including urban and environmental planning. 4
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-E.2a.

II-E.3a. Explain the accessibility to the New Mexico territory via the Santa Fe Trail and the railroad, conflicts with indigenous peoples, and the resulting development of New Mexico.

II-F. Understand the effects of interactions between human and natural systems in terms of changes in meaning, use, distribution, and relative importance of resources.

II-F.1a. Describe and evaluate the use and distribution of resources and their impact on countries throughout the world. 17
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-F.1a.

II-F.2a. Describe how environmental events (e.g., hurricanes, tornados, floods) affect human activities and resources. 12
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-F.2a.

NM.III. Civics and Government: Students understand the ideals, rights, and responsibilities of citizenship and understand the content and history of the founding documents of the United States with particular emphasis on the United States and New Mexico constitutions and how governments function at local, state, tribal, and national levels.

III-A. Understand the structure, functions, and powers of government (local, state, tribal and national).

III-A.1a. Explain the structure and functions of New Mexico's state government as expressed in the New Mexico Constitution, to include roles and methods of initiative, referendum, and recall processes.

III-A.1b. Explain the structure and functions of New Mexico's state government as expressed in the New Mexico Constitution, to include function of multiple executive offices.

III-A.1c. Explain the structure and functions of New Mexico's state government as expressed in the New Mexico Constitution, to include election process (e.g., primaries and general elections). 12
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.1c.

III-A.1d. Explain the structure and functions of New Mexico's state government as expressed in the New Mexico Constitution, to include criminal justice system (e.g., juvenile justice). 12
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.1d.

III-A.2a. Explain the roles and relationships of different levels of the legislative process, to include structure of New Mexico legislative districts (e.g., number of districts, students' legislative district, representatives and senators of the students' district). 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.2a.

III-A.2b. Explain the roles and relationships of different levels of the legislative process, to include the structure of the New Mexico Legislature and leaders of the Legislature during the current session (e.g., bicameral, House of Representatives and Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Senate Pro Tem). 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.2b.

III-A.3a. Compare the structure and functions of the New Mexico Legislature with that of the state's tribal governments (e.g., Pueblo Indian Council; Navajo, Apache, and Hopi nations). 9
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.3a.

III-B. Explain the significance of symbols, icons, songs, traditions, and leaders of New Mexico and the United States that exemplify ideals and provide continuity and a sense of unity.

III-B.1a. Explain the concept of diversity and its significance within the political and social unity of New Mexico. 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.1a.

III-B.2a. Describe ways in which different groups maintain their cultural heritage. 31
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.2a.

III-B.3a. Explain how New Mexico's state legislature and other state legislatures identify symbols representative of a state. 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.3a.

III-B.4a. Identify official and unofficial public symbols of various cultures and describe how they are or are not exemplary of enduring elements of those cultures. 4
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.4a.

III-C. Compare political philosophies and concepts of government that became the foundation for the American Revolution and the United States government.

III-C.1a. Compare and contrast New Mexico's entry into the United States with that of the original thirteen colonies. 18
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-C.1a.

III-C.2a. Understand the structure and function of New Mexico government as created by the New Mexico Constitution and how it supports local, tribal, and federal governments. 22
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-C.2a.

III-D. Explain how individuals have rights and responsibilities as members of social groups, families, schools, communities, states, tribes, and countries.

III-D.1a. Explain the obligations and responsibilities of citizenship (e.g., the obligations of upholding the Constitution, obeying the law, paying taxes, jury duty). 28
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-D.1a.

III-D.2a. Explain the roles of citizens in political decision-making (e.g., voting, petitioning public officials, analyzing issues). 29
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-D.2a.

NM.IV. Economics:: Students understand basic economic principles and use economic reasoning skills to analyze the impact of economic systems (including the market economy) on individuals, families, businesses, communities, and governments.

IV-A. Explain and describe how individuals, households, businesses, governments, and societies make decisions, are influenced by incentives (economic as well as intrinsic) and the availability and use of scarce resources, and that their choices involve costs and varying ways of allocating.

IV-A.1a. Explain how economic and intrinsic incentives influence how individuals, households, businesses, governments, and societies allocate and use their scarce resources. 9
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-A.1a.

IV-A.2a. Explain why cooperation can yield higher benefits. 11
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-A.2a.

IV-B. Explain how economic systems impact the way individuals, households, businesses, governments and societies make decisions about resources and the production and distribution of goods and services.

IV-B.1a. Identify governmental activities that affect local, state, tribal, and national economies. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-B.1a.

IV-B.2a. Analyze the impact of taxing and spending decisions upon individuals, organizations, businesses, and various government entities. 11
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-B.2a.

IV-B.3a. Explain the relationship of New Mexico with tribal governments regarding compact issues (e.g., taxes, gambling revenue, rights of way).

IV-C. Describe the patterns of trade and exchange in early societies and civilizations and explore the extent of their continuation in today's world. 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.

IV-C.1a. Explain how specialization leads to interdependence and describe ways most Americans depend on people in other households, communities, and nations for some of the goods they consume. 13
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.1a.

IV-C.2a. Understand the interdependencies between the economies of New Mexican, the United States, and the world. 30
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.2a.

IV-C.3a. Understand the factors that currently limit New Mexico from becoming an urban state, including the availability and allocation of water, and the extent to which New Mexico relies upon traditional economic forms (e.g., the acequia systems, localized agricultural markets). 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.3a.

IV-C.4a. Describe the relationship between New Mexico, tribal, and United States economic systems. 22
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.4a.

IV-C.5a. Compare and contrast New Mexico commerce with that of other states' commerce. 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.5a.