New Mexico State Standards for Social Studies: Grade 6

NM.I. History: Students are able to identify important people and events in order to analyze significant patterns, relationships, themes, ideas, beliefs, and turning points in New Mexico, United States, and world history in order to understand the complexity of the human experience.

I-A. New Mexico: Explore and explain how people and events have influenced the development of New Mexico up to the present day.

I-A.1a. Describe the relationships among ancient civilizations of the world (e.g., scientific discoveries, architecture, politics, cultures, and religious systems) and their connection to the early development of New Mexico. 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-A.1a.

I-B. United States: Analyze and interpret major eras, events, and individuals from the periods of exploration and colonization through the Civil War and Reconstruction in United States history.

I-B.1a. Explain and describe the origins, obstacles, and impact of the Age of Exploration, to include improvements in technology (e.g., the clock, sextant, work of Prince Henry the Navigator). 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-B.1a.

I-B.1b. Explain and describe the origins, obstacles, and impact of the Age of Exploration, to include voyages of Columbus to the New World and the later searches for the Northwest passage. 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-B.1b.

I-B.1c. Explain and describe the origins, obstacles, and impact of the Age of Exploration, to include introduction of disease and the resulting population decline, especially among indigenous peoples. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-B.1c.

I-B.1d. Explain and describe the origins, obstacles, and impact of the Age of Exploration, to include exchanges of technology, ideas, agricultural products and practices. 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-B.1d.

I-C. World: Compare and contrast major historical eras, events, and figures from ancient civilizations to the Age of Exploration.

I-C.1a. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include significance of river valleys. 18
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1a.

I-C.1b. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include early irrigation and its impact on agriculture. 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1b.

I-C.1c. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include forms of government (e.g., the theocracies in Egypt, dynasties in China). 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1c.

I-C.1d. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include effect on world economies and trade. 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1d.

I-C.1e. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include key historical figures. 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1e.

I-C.1f. Describe and compare the characteristics of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China and explain the importance of their contributions to later civilizations, to include religious traditions, cultural, and scientific contributions (e.g., writing systems, calendars, building of monuments such as the pyramids). 23
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.1f.

I-C.2a. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of early civilizations of India, to include location and description of the river systems and other topographical features that supported the rise of this civilization. 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.2a.

I-C.2b. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of early civilizations of India, to include significance of the Aryan invasions. 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.2b.

I-C.2c. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of early civilizations of India, to include structure and function of the caste system. 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.2c.

I-C.2d. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of early civilizations of India, to include important aesthetic and intellectual traditions (e.g., Sanskrit literature, medicine, metallurgy, mathematics including Hindu-Arabic numerals and the number zero). 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.2d.

I-C.3a. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations in China, to include location and description of the origins of Chinese civilization in the Huang-He Valley, Shang dynasty. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.3a.

I-C.3b. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations in China, to include geographical features of China that made governance and movement of ideas and goods difficult and served to isolate the country. 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.3b.

I-C.3c. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations in China, to include life of Confucius and the fundamental teachings of Confucianism and Taoism. 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.3c.

I-C.3d. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations in China, to include rule by dynasties (e.g., Shang, Qin, Han, Tang, and Ming). 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.3d.

I-C.3e. Describe and analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations in China, to include historical influence of China on other parts of the world (e.g., tea, paper, wood block printing, compass, gunpowder). 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.3e.

I-C.4a. Describe major religions of the world to include Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam (e.g., founding leaders, traditions, customs, beliefs). 15
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.4a.

I-C.5a. Compare and contrast the geographic, political, economic, and social characteristics of the Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, Ottoman, Indian, Arabic, African, and Middle Eastern civilizations and their enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include influence of Mediterranean geography on the development and expansion of the civilizations. 41
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.5a.

I-C.5b. Compare and contrast the geographic, political, economic, and social characteristics of the Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, Ottoman, Indian, Arabic, African, and Middle Eastern civilizations and their enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include development of concepts of government and citizenship (e.g., democracy, republics, codification of laws, Code of Hammurabi). 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.5b.

I-C.5c. Compare and contrast the geographic, political, economic, and social characteristics of the Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, Ottoman, Indian, Arabic, African, and Middle Eastern civilizations and their enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include scientific and cultural advancements (e.g., networks of roads, aqueducts, art, architecture, literature, theater, philosophy). 41
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.5c.

I-C.5d. Compare and contrast the geographic, political, economic, and social characteristics of the Ancient Greek, Ancient Roman, Ottoman, Indian, Arabic, African, and Middle Eastern civilizations and their enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include contributions and roles of key figures, (e.g., Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Augustus). 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.5d.

I-C.6a. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include creation and expansion of the Byzantine empire. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6a.

I-C.6b. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6b.

I-C.6c. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include new forms of government, feudalism, and the beginning of limited government with the Magna Carta. 13
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6c.

I-C.6d. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include role of the Roman Catholic Church and its monasteries. 4
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6d.

I-C.6e. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include causes, course, and effects of the Crusades; impact of the Black Plague. 1
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6e.

I-C.6f. Compare and contrast the political and economic events and the social and geographic characteristics of Medieval European life and its enduring impacts on later civilizations, to include contributions and roles of key figures (e.g., Charlemagne, Joan of Arc, Marco Polo). 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-C.6f.

I-D. Skills: Research historical events and people from a variety of perspectives.

I-D.1a. Organize information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing and contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, drawing inferences and conclusions. 15
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.1a.

I-D.2a. Identify different points of view about an issue or topic. 25
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.2a.

I-D.3a. Use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a solution; gather information, identify options, predict consequences, and take action to implement that solution. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard I-D.3a.

NM.II. Geography: Students understand how physical, natural, and cultural processes influence where people live, the ways in which people live, and how societies interact with one another and their environments.

II-A. Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills and perspectives and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues.

II-A.1a. Identify the location of places using latitude and longitude. 20
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-A.1a.

II-A.2a. Draw complex and accurate maps from memory and interpret them to answer questions about the location of physical features. 20
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-A.2a.

II-B. Explain the physical and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and their patterns of change.

II-B.1a. Explain how places change due to human activity. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.1a.

II-B.2a. Explain how places and regions serve as cultural symbols and explore the influences and effects of regional symbols.

II-B.2b. Identify a region by its formal, functional, or perceived characteristics. 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-B.2b.

II-C. Understand how human behavior impacts man-made and natural environments, recognizes past and present results, and predicts potential changes.

II-C.1a. Compare and contrast the influences of man-made and natural environments upon ancient civilizations. 21
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-C.1a.

II-D. Explain how physical processes shape the Earth's surface patterns and biosystems.

II-D.1a. Describe how physical processes shape the environmental patterns of air, land, water, plants and animals. 2
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-D.1a.

II-E. Understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict.

II-E.1a. Explain how human migration impacted places, societies, and civilizations. 39
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-E.1a.

II-E.2a. Describe, locate, and compare different settlement patterns throughout the world. 3
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-E.2a.

II-E.3a. Explain how cultures create a cultural landscape, locally and throughout the world, and how these landscapes change over time 39
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-E.3a.

II-F. Understand the effects of interactions between human and natural systems in terms of changes in meaning, use, distribution, and relative importance of resources.

II-F.1a. Describe how human modifications to physical environments and use of resources in one place often lead to changes in other places. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard II-F.1a.

NM.III. Civics and Government: Students understand the ideals, rights, and responsibilities of citizenship and understand the content and history of the founding documents of the United States with particular emphasis on the United States and New Mexico constitutions and how governments function at local, state, tribal, and national levels.

III-A. Understand the structure, functions, and powers of government (local, state, tribal and national).

III-A.1a. Describe the concept of democracy as developed by the Greeks, and compare the evolution of democracies throughout the world. 11
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.1a.

III-A.2a. Describe the concept of republic as developed by the Romans and compare to other republican governments. 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-A.2a.

III-B. Explain the significance of symbols, icons, songs, traditions, and leaders of New Mexico and the United States that exemplify ideals and provide continuity and a sense of unity.

III-B.1a. Describe the significance of leadership in democratic societies and provide examples of local, national, and international leadership, to include qualities of leadership. 9
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.1a.

III-B.1b. Describe the significance of leadership in democratic societies and provide examples of local, national, and international leadership, to include names and contributions New Mexico leaders.

III-B.1c. Describe the significance of leadership in democratic societies and provide examples of local, national, and international leadership, to include names and contributions of national leaders. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-B.1c.

III-C. Compare political philosophies and concepts of government that became the foundation for the American Revolution and the United States government.

III-C.1a. Explain how Greek and Roman societies expanded and advanced the role of citizen. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-C.1a.

III-C.2a. Identify historical origins of democratic forms of government (e.g., early civilizations, Native American governments). 2
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-C.2a.

III-D. Explain how individuals have rights and responsibilities as members of social groups, families, schools, communities, states, tribes, and countries.

III-D.1a. Understand that the nature of citizenship varies among societies. 4
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard III-D.1a.

NM.IV. Economics: Students understand basic economic principles and use economic reasoning skills to analyze the impact of economic systems (including the market economy) on individuals, families, businesses, communities, and governments.

IV-A. Explain and describe how individuals, households, businesses, governments, and societies make decisions, are influenced by incentives (economic as well as intrinsic) and the availability and use of scarce resources, and that their choices involve costs and varying ways of allocating.

IV-A.1a. Explain and predict how people respond to economic and intrinsic incentives. 5
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-A.1a.

IV-B. Explain how economic systems impact the way individuals, households, businesses, governments and societies make decisions about resources and the production and distribution of goods and services.

IV-B.1a. Describe the characteristics of traditional, command, market, and mixed economic systems. 4
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-B.1a.

IV-B.2a. Explain how different economic systems affect the allocation of resources. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-B.2a.

IV-B.3a. Understand the role that factors of production play in a society's economy (e.g., natural resources, labor, capital, entrepreneurs). 7
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-B.3a.

IV-C. Describe the patterns of trade and exchange in early societies and civilizations and explore the extent of their continuation in today's world.

IV-C.1a. Compare and contrast the trade patterns of early civilizations. 6
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.1a.

IV-C.2a. Analyze the impact of the Neolithic agricultural revolution on mankind and the impact of technological changes in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. 8
Suggested Titles for New Mexico Social Studies State Standard IV-C.2a.